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.WebsiteSignatureAretha Louise Franklin (March 25, 1942 – August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter, pianist, and civil rights activist. Franklin began her career as a child singing at in, where her father was minister. At the age of 18, she embarked on a secular-music career as a recording artist for. While Franklin's career did not immediately flourish, she found acclaim and commercial success after signing with in 1966. Hit songs such as ', ', ', ', ', and ', propelled her past her musical peers.
By the end of the 1960s, Aretha Franklin had come to be known as ' The Queen of Soul'.Franklin continued to record acclaimed albums such as (1967), (1968), (1970), (1972), (1972), and (1976) before experiencing problems with her record company. Franklin left Atlantic in 1979 and signed with. She appeared in the 1980 film before releasing the successful albums (1982), (1985), and (1986) on the Arista label. In 1998, Franklin returned to the Top 40 with the -produced song '; later, she released an which was certified gold. That same year, Franklin earned international acclaim for her performance of ' at the; she filled in at the last minute for, who canceled his appearance after the show had already begun. In a widely noted performance, she paid tribute to 2015 honoree by singing '(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman' at the.Franklin recorded 112 charted singles on, including 77 entries, 17 top-ten pop singles, 100, and 20 number-one R&B singles.
She is the most charted female artist in history. Franklin's well-known hits include ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', ', and ' (a duet with ). She won 18, including the first eight awards given for (1968–1975). Franklin is one of the, having sold more than 75 million records worldwide.Franklin received numerous honors throughout her career.
She was awarded the and the. In 1987, she became the first female performer to be inducted into the. She also was inducted into the in 2005 and into the in 2012. In 2010, magazine ranked her number one on its list of the '100 Greatest Singers of All Time' and number nine on its list of '100 Greatest Artists of All Time'. The jury in 2019 awarded Franklin a posthumous 'for her indelible contribution to American music and culture for more than five decades.'
Franklin's birthplace, 406 Lucy Avenue,Aretha Louise Franklin was born on March 25, 1942, to. She was delivered at her family's home located at 406 Lucy Avenue,. Her father was a and originally from, while her mother was an accomplished piano player and vocalist.
Franklin had children from prior relationships in addition to the four children they had together. When Aretha was two, the family relocated to. By the time Aretha turned five, C. Franklin had permanently relocated the family to, where he took over the pastorship of the.The Franklins had a troubled marriage due to Mr.
Franklin's infidelities, and they separated in 1948. At that time, Barbara Franklin returned to Buffalo with Aretha's half brother, Vaughn. After the separation, Aretha recalled seeing her mother in Buffalo during the summer, and Barbara Franklin frequently visited her children in Detroit. Aretha's mother died of a on March 7, 1952, before Aretha's tenth birthday.
Several women, including Aretha's grandmother, Rachel, and, took turns helping with the children at the Franklin home. During this time, Aretha learned how to play piano by ear. She also attended public school in Detroit, going through her freshman year at, but dropping out during her sophomore year.Aretha's father's emotionally driven sermons resulted in his being known as the man with the 'million-dollar voice'.
He earned thousands of dollars for sermons in various churches across the country. His celebrity status led to his home being visited by various celebrities. Among the visitors were gospel musicians, and early members and., and all became friends of C.
Franklin, as well. Ward was romantically involved with Aretha's father from around 1949 to Ward's death in 1973, though Aretha 'preferred to view them strictly as friends'. Ward also served as a to the young Aretha. Music career Beginnings (1952–1960)Just after her mother's death, Franklin began singing solos at New Bethel, debuting with the hymn 'Jesus, Be a Fence Around Me'.
When Franklin was 12, her father began her; he would bring her on the road with him during his so-called 'gospel caravan' tours for her to perform in various churches. He also helped her sign her first recording deal with. Recording equipment was installed inside New Bethel Baptist Church and nine tracks were recorded. Franklin was featured on vocals and piano. In 1956, J.V.B. Released Franklin's first single, 'Never Grow Old', backed with 'You Grow Closer'. 'Precious Lord (Part One)' backed with 'Precious Lord (Part Two)' followed in 1959.
These four tracks, with the addition of 'There Is a Fountain Filled with Blood', were released on side one of the 1956 album, Spirituals. This was reissued by Battle Records in 1962 under the same title. In 1965, released, featuring the five tracks from the 1956 Spirituals album, with the addition of four previously unreleased recordings.During this time, Franklin would occasionally travel with. As a young gospel singer, Franklin spent summers on the gospel circuit in Chicago and stayed with ' family.According to music producer, while Franklin was still young, let him know, 'Aretha was the 'next one'. In 1958, Franklin and her father traveled to, where she met singer Sam Cooke. At the age of 16, Franklin went on tour with Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr., and she would ultimately sing at his funeral in 1968.After turning 18, Franklin confided to her father that she aspired to follow Sam Cooke in recording pop music, and moved to New York. Serving as her manager, C. Franklin agreed to the move and helped to produce a two-song demo that soon was brought to the attention of, who agreed to sign her in 1960.
Franklin was signed as a 'five-percent artist'. During this period, Franklin would be coached by choreographer to prepare for her pop performances.
Before signing with Columbia, Sam Cooke tried to persuade Franklin's father to sign her with his label, but his request was denied. Record label owner was also looking to sign Franklin and her elder sister to his label.
However, C.L. Franklin felt the label was not yet established enough, and he turned Gordy down. Franklin's first Columbia single, ', was issued in September 1960 and later reached the top 10 of the chart. Columbia (1961–1966)In January 1961, Columbia issued Franklin's first secular album,. The album featured her first single to chart the Billboard Hot 100, ', which also peaked at number 7 on the R&B chart. Mostly produced by, Franklin's Columbia recordings saw her performing in diverse genres such as,. Before the year was out, Franklin scored her first hit single with her rendition of the standard '.
'Rock-a-Bye' became her first international hit, reaching the top 40 in Australia and Canada. By the end of 1961, Franklin was named as a 'new-star female vocalist' in magazine. In 1962, Columbia issued two more albums, and, the latter of which reached No. 69 on the Billboard chart.In the 1960s, during a performance at the, radio personality announced that Franklin should be crowned 'the Queen of Soul'.
Spann ceremonially placed a crown on her head. By 1964, Franklin began recording more pop music, reaching the top 10 on the R&B chart with the ballad 'Runnin' Out of Fools' in early 1965. She had two R&B charted singles in 1965 and 1966 with the songs ' and 'Cry Like a Baby', while also reaching the charts with the ballads ' and '(No, No) I'm Losing You'.
By the mid-1960s, Franklin was making $100,000 per year from countless performances in nightclubs and theaters. Also during that period, she appeared on rock-and-roll shows such as. However, she struggled with commercial success while at Columbia.
Label executive later said he felt Columbia did not understand Franklin's early gospel background and failed to bring that aspect out further during her period there. Atlantic (1967–1979)In November 1966, Franklin's Columbia recording contract expired and she chose to move to. In January 1967, she traveled to, to record at and recorded the song ', backed by the. Franklin only spent one day recording at FAME, as an altercation broke out between her manager and husband Ted White, studio owner, and a horn player, and sessions were abandoned.
The song was released the following month and reached number one on the R&B chart, while also peaking at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100, giving Franklin her first top-ten pop single. The song's b-side, ', reached the R&B top 40, peaking at number 37. In April, Atlantic issued her frenetic version of 's ', which reached number one on both the R&B and pop charts. 'Respect' became her and was later hailed as a and anthem. Franklin in 1967Franklin's debut Atlantic album, also became commercially successful, later going gold. Franklin scored two more top-ten singles in 1967, including ' and '.
Her rapport with producer helped in the creation of the majority of Franklin's peak recordings with Atlantic. In 1968, she issued the top-selling albums and, which included some of her most popular hit singles, including ', ', ' and '. That February, Franklin earned the first two of her Grammys, including the debut category for. On February 16, Franklin was honored with a day named for her and was greeted by longtime friend Martin Luther King Jr., who gave her the Drum Beat Award for Musicians two months before his death. Franklin toured outside the US for the first time in May, including an appearance at the, where she played to a near hysterical audience who covered the stage with flower petals.
She appeared on the cover of magazine in June. 'Respect' was a huge hit for Franklin, and became a signature song for her.Problems playing this file? See.Franklin's success expanded during the early 1970s, during which she recorded the multi-week R&B number one ', as well as the top-ten singles ', ' and '. Some of these releases were from the acclaimed albums. In 1971, Franklin became the first R&B performer to headline, later that year releasing the live album. She returned to Gospel music in a two-night, live-church recording, with the album, in which she reinterpreted standards such as Mahalia Jackson's '. Amazing Grace sold more than two million copies.
The live performances were filmed for the purpose of directed by, but due to synching problems and Franklin's own attempts to prevent the film's distribution, its release was only realized by producer Alan Elliott in November 2018. Franklin's career began to experience problems while recording the album, which featured production from. Despite the success of the single ', the album bombed upon its release in 1973. Franklin continued having R&B success with songs such as ' and ', but by 1975 her albums and songs were no longer top sellers. After Jerry Wexler left Atlantic for in 1976, Franklin worked on the to the film with.
The album yielded Franklin's final top 40 hit of the decade, ', which also peaked at number one on the R&B chart. Franklin's follow-up albums for Atlantic, including (1977), (1978) and (1979), bombed on the chartsand in 1979 Franklin left the company. Arista (1980–2007). Franklin in 1998In 1980, after leaving Atlantic Records, Franklin signed with 's and that same year gave a at London's in front of. Franklin also had an acclaimed guest role as a restaurant proprietor and wife of in the 1980 comedy musical.
Franklin's first Arista album, (1980), featured the No. 3 R&B hit 'United Together' and her Grammy-nominated cover of Redding's '. The follow-up, 1981's, included her famed duet of the title track with, while the album also included her Grammy-winning cover of 's '. Franklin achieved a gold record—for the first time in seven years—with the 1982 album.
The album's was her first top-40 single on the pop charts in six years. The following year, she released ', produced by Luther Vandross.In 1985, inspired by a desire to have a 'younger sound' in her music, became her first Arista album to be certified. The album sold well over a million copies thanks to the hits ', the title track, and 'Another Night'. The next year's album nearly matched this success with the hit singles ', ' and ', her international number-one duet with. During that period, Franklin provided vocals to the theme songs of the TV shows and Together.
In 1987, she issued her third gospel album, which was recorded at her late father's New Bethel church, followed by Through the Storm in 1989. The same year, Franklin performed ' at 's, the company's third annual 'entertainment spectacular', in her home state of Michigan.
Franklin's 1991 album, What You See is What You Sweat, flopped on the charts. She returned to the charts in 1993 with the dance song 'A Deeper Love' and returned to the top 40 with the song ' in 1994.In 1995, she was selected to play in the revival of. Franklin's final top 40 single was 1998's '. The was released after the single. It sold in excess of 500,000 copies; earning a gold album. Franklin performing in April 2007 at the in, TexasThat same year, Franklin received global praise after her performance. She had initially been asked to come and perform in honor of the 1980 film in which she appeared with.
That evening after the show had already begun, himself contacted show producers and said he was too ill to perform the opera aria ' as planned. The show's producers were desperate to fill the time slot, and approached Franklin with their dilemma. She was a friend of Pavarotti, and had sung the selection two nights prior at the annual event. She asked to hear Pavarotti's rehearsal recording, and after listening, agreed that she could sing it in the range that the orchestra was prepared to play in.
Over one billion people worldwide saw the performance, and she received an immediate. She would go on to record the selection, and perform it live several more times in the years to come; the last time being in for at the in September 2015. A small boy was so touched by her performance that he came onto the stage and embraced her while Franklin was still singing.Her final Arista album, was released in 2003 and featured the Grammy-winning song 'Wonderful'. In 2004, Franklin announced that she was leaving Arista after more than 20 years with the label. To complete her Arista obligations, Franklin issued the duets compilation album in 2007.
The following year, she issued the holiday album, on DMI Records. In February 2006 she performed ' with and for, held in her hometown of Detroit.
Later years (2008–2018)On January 20, 2009, Franklin made international headlines for performing ' at President 's with her church hat becoming a popular topic online. In 2010, Franklin accepted an honorary degree from. In 2011, under her own label, Aretha's Records, she issued the album.
Franklin performs in the of the in 2015In 2014, Franklin was signed under RCA Records, controller of the Arista catalog and a sister label to Columbia via, and worked with Clive Davis. An album was planned with producers. On September 29, 2014, Franklin performed to a standing ovation, with as backup, a compilation of 's ' and ' on the. Franklin's cover of 'Rolling in the Deep' was featured among nine other songs in her first RCA release, released in October 2014. In doing so, she became the first woman to have 100 songs on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart with the success of her cover of Adele's 'Rolling in the Deep', which debuted at number 47 on the chart.In December 2015, Franklin gave an acclaimed performance of '(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman' at the 2015 during the section for honoree, who co-wrote the song.
During the bridge of the song, Franklin dropped her fur coat to the stage, for which the audience rewarded her with a mid-performance. She returned to Detroit's on Thanksgiving Day 2016 to once again perform the national anthem before the game between the. Seated behind the piano, wearing a black fur coat and Lions stocking cap, Franklin gave a rendition of 'The Star-Spangled Banner' that lasted more than four minutes and featured a host of improvizations. Franklin released the album in November 2017 with the, which uses archived recordings from Franklin.
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It peaked at number 5 on the Billboard Top Classical Albums chart before her death and rose to number 2 after her death. While Franklin canceled some concerts in 2017 due to health reasons, and during an outdoor Detroit show, she asked the audience to 'keep me in your prayers', she was still garnering highly favorable reviews for her skill and showmanship.
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At the on September 3, 2017, she gave her last full concert. Franklin's final performance was at the in New York City during 's 25th anniversary gala for the on November 7, 2017. Music style and image. Franklin waiting to perform at the White House, in 2015According to, Franklin was 'one of the giants of soul music, and indeed of American pop as a whole. More than any other performer, she epitomized soul at its most gospel-charged'. She had often been described as a great singer and musician due to 'vocal flexibility, interpretive intelligence, skillful piano-playing, her ear, her experience'.
Franklin's voice was described as being a 'powerful voice'. She was praised for her arrangements and interpretations of other artists' hit songs. According to, what 'distinguishes her is not merely the breadth of her catalogue or the cataract force of her vocal instrument; it's her musical intelligence, her way of singing behind the beat, of spraying a wash of notes over a single word or syllable, of constructing, moment by moment, the emotional power of a three-minute song. 'Respect' is as precise an artifact as a Ming vase'.
Describing Franklin's voice as that of a youngster on her first album, released in 1956 when she was just 14, Jerry Wexler explained that it 'was not that of a child but rather of an ecstatic '. Critic Randy Lewis assessed her skills as a pianist as 'magic' and 'inspirational'. Musicians and professionals alike such as Elton John, Carole King, and Clive Davis were fans of her piano performances.In 2015, then-President wrote the following regarding Franklin:Nobody embodies more fully the connection between the African-American spiritual, the blues, R. & B., rock and roll — the way that hardship and sorrow were transformed into something full of beauty and vitality and hope. American history wells up when Aretha sings.
That's why, when she sits down at a piano and sings 'A Natural Woman,' she can move me to tears — the same way that Ray Charles's version of 'America the Beautiful' will always be in my view the most patriotic piece of music ever performed — because it captures the fullness of the American experience, the view from the bottom as well as the top, the good and the bad, and the possibility of synthesis, reconciliation, transcendence. Civil rights activismFrom her time growing up in the home of a prominent African-American preacher to the end of her life, Franklin was immersed and involved in the struggle for. She provided money for civil rights groups, at times covering payroll, and performed at benefits and protests. When was jailed in 1970, Franklin told: 'Angela Davis must go free. Black people will be free.
I've been locked up (for disturbing the peace in Detroit) and I know you got to disturb the peace when you can't get no peace. Jail is hell to be in. I'm going to see her free if there is any justice in our courts, not because I believe in communism, but because she's a Black woman and she wants freedom for Black people'. Her songs 'Respect' and '(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman' became anthems of these movements for social change. Franklin and several other American icons declined to take part in performing at President 's 2017 inauguration as a large-scale act of musical protest.Franklin was also a strong supporter for rights. She quietly and without fanfare supported ' struggles worldwide, and numerous movements that supported Native American and cultural rights. Personal lifeAfter being raised in Detroit, Franklin relocated in the 1960s to, where she lived until moving to in the mid-1970s.
She eventually settled in, where she lived until 1982. She then returned to the Detroit suburb of, to be close to her ailing father and siblings.
Franklin maintained a residence there until her death. Following an incident in 1984, she cited a fear of flying that prevented her from traveling overseas; she performed only in North America afterwards. Franklin wipes a tear after being given the on November 9, 2005, at the.
She is seated between fellow recipients (left) andFranklin received a star on the in 1979, had her voice declared a Michigan 'natural resource' in 1985, and became the first woman inducted into the in 1987. The awarded her a in 1991, then the in 1994. Franklin was a Kennedy Center Honoree in 1994, recipient of the in 1999, and was bestowed the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005.
She was inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame in 2005, and the Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2015. Franklin became the second woman inducted to the in 2005.
She was the 2008, performing at the days later. In 2019 she was awarded a 'for her indelible contribution to American music and culture for more than five decades.'
Franklin was the first individual woman to receive a Pulitzer Prize Special Citation.In 2010 Franklin was ranked first on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the '100 Greatest Singers of All Time' and ninth on their list of '100 Greatest Artists of All Time'. Following news of Franklin's surgery and recovery in February 2011, the paid tribute to the singer with a medley of her classics performed by,. That same year she was ranked 19th among the.When Rolling Stone listed the 'Women in Rock: 50 Essential Albums' in 2002 and again 2012, it listed Franklin's 1967, 'I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You', number one. Inducted to the in 2012, Franklin was described as 'the voice of the civil rights movement, the voice of black America' and a 'symbol of black equality'.
Asteroid was named in her honor in 2014. In 2018, Franklin was inducted in to the.' American history wells up when Aretha sings', President Obama explained in response to her performance of 'A Natural Woman' at the 2015 Kennedy Center Honors. 'Nobody embodies more fully the connection between the African-American spiritual, the blues, R&B, rock and roll—the way that hardship and sorrow were transformed into something full of beauty and vitality and hope'. Franklin later recalled the 2015 Kennedy Center Honors as one of the best nights of her life. On June 8, 2017, the City of Detroit honored Franklin's legacy by renaming a portion of Madison Street, between Brush and Witherell Streets, 'Aretha Franklin Way'.
On January 29, 2018, confirmed that will play Franklin in an upcoming biopic. Honorary degreesFranklin received honorary degrees from and in 2014, as well as honorary doctorates in music from, 2012;, 2010;, 2009;, 2007;, 2006;, 1997; and, 1987. She was awarded an honorary by 2011 and in 1990 and an honorary degree by in 1975. TributesAfter Franklin's death, fans added unofficial tributes to two stations: the station in, served by the train, and the station in, served by the and trains. Both stations were originally named after other people. Although the fan tributes were later taken down, the subway system's operator, the, placed temporary black-and-white stickers with the word 'Respect' next to the 'Franklin' name signs in each station.During the on October 9, 2018, the show was closed by bringing, and together to pay tribute to Aretha Franklin. The 'all-star' group performed gospel songs, including renditions from Franklin's 1972 album, Amazing Grace.A tribute concert, 'Aretha!
A Grammy Celebration for the Queen of Soul', was organized by and on January 13, 2019, at the in Los Angeles. The concert included performances by, and, and was recorded for television, airing on March 10.At the, the ceremony was ended with a memorial tribute to the life and career of Franklin. It concluded with a rendition of her 1968 hit, 'A Natural Woman (You Make Me Feel Like),' by,.
In other mediaOn February 10, 2019, it was announced that the subject of the third season of the American television series would be Franklin, in the 'first-ever, definitive scripted miniseries on the life of the universally acclaimed Queen of Soul'. Filming is set to commence in mid-2019, for an early-2020 release. Loss of materialsOn June 25, 2019, listed Aretha Franklin among hundreds of artists whose material was reportedly destroyed in the. (1961).
(1962). (1962). (1963).
(1964). (1964). (1965). (1966). (1967). (1967).
(1967). (1968). (1968). (1969). (1969). (1970).
(1970). (1972). (1973). (1974). (1974). (1975).
(1976). (1977).
(1978). (1979). (1980). (1981). (1982). (1983). (1985).
(1986). (1989). (1991). (1998). (2003). (2008). (2011).
(2014)Filmography. 1972: (documentary).
1980: (as Mrs. Murphy). 1990: Listen Up: The Lives of Quincy Jones (documentary). 1998: (as Mrs. Murphy). 2003: Tom Dowd & the Language of Music (documentary). 2012: (documentary).
2013: (documentary). 2018: (documentary)See also. (February 10, 2010). Bracks, Lean'tin (2012). Detroit: Visible Ink Press. Dobkin, Matt (2006).
New York: St. Martin's Griffin. (October 6, 2009).
HarperCollins. McAvoy, Jim (2002). Infobase Publishing. McMahon, Thomas (2000).
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Gale Group. August 13, 1984. Randolph, Laura B. (April 1995). Vol. 50 no. 6. UPI (June 12, 1979). (2014).
New York: Little, Brown and Company. Warner, Jennifer (2014). Respect: The Life and Times of Aretha Franklin. Vol. 19 no. 5. March 1964. Vol. 29 no. 12. October 1974.
Waldron, Clarence (September 29, 2003). Vol. 104 no. 14. Pp. 58–63. (March 1, 2011). ABC-CLIO.External links.